A letter to Paris!

Dear Paris,

It has always been a lifetime dream for me to pay a visit to you and see your beautiful wonders. The stories about your architectural designs, metropolitan services, museums, theatres, libraries and public spaces have always been a compelling factor. 

Climbing up the iconic Eiffel Tower, overlooking vast neighborhoods of the city of light is a top priority, so does seeing Pont des Arts, the bridge of locks . Unlike many, this is not, however to seek long lasting or durable relationship in a lock with names and keys thrown to a river.  

The much delayed trip also included in relaxingly cruising at Siene River, sightseeing on board of tootbus to admire your iconic sights and enjoying a magical time at your Disneyland. 

Unfortunately, I have to scrap all these plans, at least for the time being, given the alarmingly worrying bedbug situation there. I shall give you a time and a space to get rid off this annoying creature for no one would find tranquility in insect-infested environs. 

Let me know if you need any assistance in the battle as we can happily extend a lending hand in using nature-based solutions to such a struggle.

In the mean time, remember to carry out your “Bedbug Elimination Operation” in a responsible manner and within the confines of "International Framework of Insect Conservation”, as all insect lives matter. Needless to remind you the importance of insects to biodiversity as they provide invaluable ecosystem services. 

Abdirahman

Soo koobid buugga Aden Duale ee “For The Record”

Buugga magiciisu yahay "For the Record: The inside story of power, politics, lawmaking and leadership in Kenya” ee uu qoray mudane Aden Duale waa mid akhris mudan. Waxa aad ugu baahan inay akhriyaan siyaasiyiinta higsanaya metelaad buuxda iyo siyaasad daboosha baahida bulshada. Hordhaca buugga waxa qoray madaxweynaha Kenya William Ruto oo ka markhaati kacaya in Aden Duale yahay nin dhiiran oo ku dhac leh. 

Sida uu madaxweyne Ruto ku xusay hordhaca buugga, “Dhiganuhu wuxuu tebinayaa hayaan ka bilaabmay Gaarisa, kuna dhammaaday halbawlaha siyaasadda Kenya, kaasi oo soo gudbinaya dhammaan dhacdo-siyaasadeedkii mudnaa ee labaatankii sanno ee u danbeeyey, sida kiisaskii Maxkamadda Danbiyada ee Dunida, soo ifbixii iyo dumidii isbahaysigii Jubilee, doorashooyinkii 2013, 2017 iyo guushii isbahaysiga Kenya Kwanza ee 2022" 

Buuggu wuxuu anfacayaa hoggaamiye kasta oo hiraal leh, raba inuu wax ka beddelo dib u dhac la soo dersay bulshadiisa, ayna ka go’an tahay inuu dadkiisa horumar u horseedo. Wuxuu waxtarayaa siyaasiyiinta, hoggaamiyeyaasha iyo dadka u dhaqdhaqaaqa isbeddel bulsho, sal balaadhan oo horusocod ah. 

Sidoo kale, waxa buugga ka faa’iidi kara cid kasta oo xiisaynaysa horumar gaadhsiinta bulshooyinka la gacanbidixeeyey, dib u dhacsan ee ka arradan metelaad siyaasadeed, kuna qatan qaabdhismeedka dhaqan-dhaqaale ee dal leeyahay. Waxaan isleeyahay dadkaasi buuggan wax waa ka dheefi karaan. 

Qoraaggu, Aden Duale, ahna wasiirka difaaca ee Kenya, waa siyaasi ka soo jeeda gobol taariikh ahaan la dayacay oo dib u dhacsanaa muddo dheer. Hoogaamiyihii hore ee Kudladda Aqlabiyadda Baarlamaanka Kiiniya, kaas oo kursigiisa baarlamaan difaacday afar doorasho oo isku xigta ayaa buuggan ku dhitaynaya taariikhdiisa siyaasadeed. Xagasha uu ka joogsanayaa waa aragtida reerguuraa, xoolo-raacato ahaa balse siyaasi isku beddelay. Wuxuu si ku dhac leh oo cad u soo werinayaa halgankiisa nolosha, heer walba leh ee meel sare iyo mid hooseba uu ku soo mutay. 

Wasiirku wuxuu humaag ahaan ku soo gudbinayaa kadeedka iyo tacadiyadda dadka ku nool Waqooyi-Bari Kiiniya ay ka soo muteen ciidankii u dhaartay difaaca isla dadkaas. Waxa xusid mudan inuu isagu maanta yahay taliyaha isla ciidankaas maadaama uu yahay wasiirka difaaca. Markii baarlamaanka dalkiisu ansixinayeen wasiirnimadiisa ayaa la su’aalay waydiin u dhignayd, waxa uga meel yaal faragalinta ciidanka ee arrimaha rayidka. Duale wuxuu ku jawaabay, haddii ay qasab noqoto in ciidanku ku lug yeeshaan arrimo rayidka khuseeya, waa inay raacaan oo dabaqaan dhammaan xeerarka ammuurahaas loo dejiyey. 

Isaga oo tixraacaya noloshiisii hore iyo koritaankiisii, Duale wuxuu sifaynayaa xaalad baahi badani ku xeeran tahay. Wuxuu is dul taagayaa halgankii iyo nafhurkii hooyadii ka hor inta aanu kor u fanan salaanka guusha. Dadaal, karti iyo tacab badan ayuu astaan uga dhigayaa guusha hayaankiisa nolosha. Wuxuu iftiiminayaa inuu ugu horayn qoyskiisa hanti u abuuray, ka gadaalna, qayb bulshadiisa ka mid ah, tiro ahaan haba koobnaadeene, saboolnimo ka samatabixiyey. Wuxuu tibaaxayaa siduu sallaanka siyaasadda ku soo qabsaday ee ay ugu suurtagashay inuu afar doorasho, afar xisbi ka soo dhex tartamo ee misana mid walba guul kala carraabo.

Duruusta ugu weyn ee daneeyayaashu buuggan kala soo dhex bixi karaan, qayb ahaan, waxa ka mid ah:

1. Go’aan qaadasho. Mid waliba xisaab ku fadhida. Waa oddorasida kooxda ugu mudan ee soo dhisi karta xukuumadda xigta, la falgalkooga iyo hagar li’i u maalgalintooda.

2. Metelaad dhab ah iyo kasbashada taageerada deegaankaaga. Waa sida loo hirgaliyo metelaad wax ku ool ah, loo abaabulo deegaan doorashadaada, dadkana loogu jiheeyo isbedddel xal waara dhalla. Tani waxay ku imanaysaa iska war hayn, booqasho joogto ah iyo wada tashi qaybaha bulshada si joogta ah loola yeesho.

3. Ka dhabaynta balanqaadyada xilliga cod raadiska iyo fulinta balamaha dadweynaha. Si kale, waa oofinta axdi doorasheedka si la isku aamino. Qoraaggu wuxuu taxayaa liis dheer oo waxqabad ah, jaadad badan, gaar ahaan dhismaha waddooyinka, iskuulada, xarumaha caafimaadka, biyaha iyo guud ahaan horumarinta nolosha dadweynaha deegaan doorashadiisa.

4. Ka dhex muuqashada qaddiyadaha qaran iyo ka faa’iidaysiga fursadaha guud ee siyaasiga ah si loo abuuro aragti togan oo siyaasiga laga qaato.

5. Adkaysi iyo difaacidda danaha dadka ku soo doortay, haddii ay xitaa la macno tahay isa seegga madaxda u saraysa, marka danahooga iyo ta deegaankaagu is hirdiyaan.

6. Iyo dhisida xulafo siyaasi ah oo isku adduunarag ah, danwadaag ah si wadajir meel loogu gaadho.

WQ: Abdirahman Adan Mohamoud

Fasax iyo Fiirsi 2023

Fasixii xagaaga oo aan dalka ku soo qaatay ayaa soo idlaaday. Waxaan soo maray magaalooyin dhawr ah. Borama bil kaamil ah ayaan ku sugnaa. Fasax wacan oo goor wacan yimid dhe. Dhanka kale, fasax ku soo beegmay seban arlada colaadi saamaysay. Seban dhiig sokeeye goobo badan qulqulay. Ayaandarro se waa maalmo niyadsamidii hore aanay wada jirin, misana samatalis soo afmeera aan laga wada quusan.

Qulqulka Qurbajoogga

Dalku guud ahaan wuxuu la ciirciirayay dad fasaxyo ku jooga oo inta badan dibadda ka yimi. Qoysas wada socda, soo guryo noqday, meel walba waad ku arki. Caruur af walba ku hadlaysa, daafaha dunida iskaga kala timi, fasaxa xagaaga dhulka hooyo ku qaadanaya, goob walba, waad kula kulmi.

Borama gaar ahaan waxa u dheer, dad badan oo dalka Jabuuti ka soo xagaa baxay oo magaalada cammiray. Dadkaasi, beryaha qaar waa ka dhex muuqan jireen magaalada. Dhalaalka ka muuqda, labiskooga iyo muuqooga guud ayaa dadka laga ga soo sooci jiray. Wali ishu dadkaas waa soo saaraysaa. Beryahan danbe, kaliya lahjadda inaad ku aqoonsato ayay u badan tahay.

Caano lis ah

Waxa muuqata in xidhiidh gaar ahi ka dhexeeyo dadka reer Jabuuti iyo dhamidda caanaha! Dadka Jabuuti ka soo xagaabaxa caanuhu quudkooda maalinlaha ah meel sare ayay kaga jiraan. Muxibaddan gaarka ahi waxay u badan tahay inay ku qotonto khayraad yari ama ka faa’iidaysi nafaqeeye aan koriinka lafaha, jidhka iyo caqliga guud ahaan looga maarmin. 

Dadkaas banaanka ka yimid, guud ahaan dalka dhaqdhaqaaq maaliyadeed ayay soo galiyaan. Guryo badan ayay kiraystaan, gaadiidka ayaa dhaqdhaqaaq xaami ah ka hela. Si guud, dhaqaalaha maxalliga ah, firfircooni ayay galiyaan, dakhli loo baahan yahayna waa soo galiyaan. Taas oo jirta, wali ma muuqato, tab iyo xeelad dadkaas iyagana lagu soo jiidanayo, adeegyada loogu fududaynayo, maalgashi intan ka badanna lagu dhiirigalinayo. Waxay ahayd, xafiisyada dawladda ee adeeggu kaga xidhan yahay, gaar ahaan dhawrka bilood ee ay joogaan, inay adeegga guud dardargaliyaan oo hubiyaan in dadkaas si hufan loogu adeego, fursadaha ay wadaana looga faa’iideysto.

Qoddobkani waxa mudnaantiisa gaarka ah aad ogaanaysaa marka aad u kuurgasho sida wax kala iibisigii dhulka iyo guryuhu hakadka u galay tan iyo hirgalintii qorshemagaaleedka. Hakadkaas ayaa saamayn ba’an ku yeeshay bu’dii dhaqaale ee magaaladda.

Masaajiddo Cammiran

Waxa kale oo aan doorkan u fiirsanayay masaajidada. In badan waan maray oo u soo kuurgalay. Aad baa loo qurxiyey oo loo habeeyey. Loo horumariyey, badiyey oo loogu hagarbaxay. Ha yeeshee, masaakiin baahan oo salaad kasta ka gadaal ka kacaya masaajidada ayaa caqabad ku ah in qofku iska sii jeclaado inuu ku negaado masaajidka. Habdhaqankani waxa uu dabar ku yahay in ruuxdu deganaan ku dhex dareento. Bawdyo rag maalinba mid baa qaawane, dad baahan oo shisheeye u badan, in faqriga lagu eegtaa daw maaha. In sidoo kale, baahidooda masaajidada looga ordaana dan maaha. Markaa waxa loo baahan yahay, meel dhexe oo inta baahan- waliba dhab u baahan- si basar leh loogu saacidi karo, masaajidaduna ku sii ahaadaan goob xasilooni ruuxi ah loo soo raadsado.

Si la mid ah, la yaabay sida masaajidadu u cammiran yihiin inta badan salaadaha iyo sida ay u haawanayaan salaadda Subaxa. Dad aad u kooban ayaa soo xaadira salaadda Subaxa. Marka laga yimaad masaajidka anigu aan xaadirayey, dad badan oo aan la sheekaystay, waxay ii xaqiijiyeen dareenkii aan qabay- tiro yarida dadka caadaystay inay salaadda Subax jamac ku tukadaan.  Awalba laakiin sow sidaa uun ma ahayn, maxaa haddeer soo cusboonaaday? Waa run, noloshayda abid, inta magaalo ee aan ku soo noolaaday, jamac laba saf ka badan, salaad Subax marna ma arag. Waxa taas aad iyo si la yaab leh uga duwan magaaladda Nayroobi. Salaadda Subaxa, 8 ilaa 10 saf ayaan noqonaa masaajidka xaafadda aan hadeer degannahay. In Duhur ama Maqrib la tukanayo ayaad moodi. Masaajiddo kale oo isla Nayroobi ah, jamacu intan kama yara salaadda Fajriga, haddii aanu ka badnayba. Sidaas oo ay tahay, guud ahaan Kenya, tirada Muslimiintu, 11% weeyi.

Doorsoonka Cimilada

Doorsoonka cimilada ee dunidan sii kululaanaysaa astaanta u tahay, dhulkii aad boo looga dareemayaa. Abaaraha iyo fatahaadda soo noqnoqday ka sokow, goobaha dadku iskugu yimaadaan sida hoolasha huteelada iyo masaajidada, in marawaxaddo iyo qaboojiyayaal lagu xidho ma ahine, neefta ayaaba dadka qabanaysa. Heerkulku intan xagaaga ah soddon iyo dhawr digrii hoos ba ugama dego, inta badan maalintii. Guryaha cusub ee hadda la dhiso, qasab ayay noqotay in marawaxaddo lagu rakibo. Doorsoonka cimilada si dhab ah arladii looga dareen.

Tan oo jirta, waxa magaalooyinka waaweyn ku soo badanaya goobo ama huteelo wada cagaaran oo indhoqabatin leh. Deegaankaas cagaaran oo inta badan loo adeegsado xal-dabeecadda ka soo farcamay wuxuu kaalin ka gali karaa  anfaca ku lammaan dib u dhiraynta deegaanka.

Dunida Ciyaaraha

Garoomadan casriga ah ee roogga la dhigo markii la soo kordhiyey, waxaan cabsi ka qabay in ruuxii hayntiisu buuran tahay uuni ubadkiisa u heli karo goobo ciyaareed cagaaran oo nadiif ah. Xuquuq aasaasi ah oo ganacsi gashay ayay iigu muuqatay. Taasi oo jirta, haddeer waxa aan ku baraarugay, Borama gaar ahaan, sida kubadda cagta loo ciyaaro, loo xiiseeyo. Yar iyo wayn, aad baa loo ciyaaraa kubadda cagta. Garoomadaas roogga ah ayaa suuqoogu xaami yahay. Goor walba waa cammiran yihiin. Saacad walba, waa buuxaan.

Camal la’aanta saraysa iyo isku mashquulinta ciyaaraha dabcan xidhiidh waa ka dhexeeyaa. Waxa kale oo jirta, in dad badan oo shaqeeyaa, galinka danbe ilaa saacad danbe oo habeenimo ay garoomadan cammiraan oo ku ciyaaraan. Ilaa saqbadh ayaa meelaha qaar lagu gaadhaa ciyaarahan. Markaa inta ay camal la’aani sababto, inta isboortis jacayl iyo xiise loo qabo ciyaaruhu keenaan ayaa le’eg ama ku dhawdhaw. Yeelkeede, waa dhaqan wacan. Intii balwado kale lagu mashquuli lahaa, ama siyaasadda ambadka ah lagu danseegi lahaa, isboortigaa isdhexgalka bulsho dhallinaya ha lagu foognaado. Ciyaaruhu sidoodaba waxay suurtagaliyaan isdhexgal bulsho gaar ahaan sebankan qaadku dad badan qardaafeeyey. Runtii qaadkaasi dalkii iyo dadkiiba waa halakeeyey. Xooggii buu dabray, sharaftii buu laaley, qoysaskii buu isa sudhay, xiskiina, in badan wuu la tegay!

Jihayn

Warbixintaydii laba sanno ka hor ee Fasax iyo Fiirsi ayaan kaga hadlay adeegsiga baraha bulshada iyo sida guud ahaan loogu haftay. Sidii si la mid ah, ayay hawshaasi u sii labalaxaadsatay. Hebello inta badan nolosha si uun dulsaar ugu ah ayaa haga oo hoggaamiya ajandaha bulshada. Sow cajiib ma aha sida loo jiheeyo sheeko-wadareedka iyo ajendaha dadweynaha.

Sow markaa dib u eegi maysid aragti aad ka qaadatay kooxahan. Sow iswaydiin maysid waxa ku dhacay awooddii hoggaamineed iyo jihayneed ee geesweyntii bulshada. Sow goobi maysid halka ay aadeen jaamacadihii, ururradii bulshada rayidka ahaa, culimaddii, hoggaankii dhaqanka iyo aqoonyahankii. Kooxahan ayaa la rabay inay qaabeeyaan oo saameeyaan qaab fikirka bulshada. Iyaga ayaa laga filayey inay bulshadan nugul luggooyo kale ka dhawraan. Balse, mooganaan iyo maahsanaan mid ay ka tahayba, kooxahani ka badin waaye faalaynta iyo ka falcelinta ajende ruux afkuxoogle ahi soo tuuray!

Sidii si la mid ah ayay siyaasaddu u tahay waxa loogu hadalhayn badan yahay, misana loogu maaro xun yahay. Isku dayasho indho la’, kala daadsanaan baahsan, midnimo iyo wadajir la’aan, intuba waa baadisooc ay ku astaysan tahay siyaasadda inta badan reeraysan, hadday ruux joogtana danaysi hagayo, mar walba murugsan ee misana heer qaran lagu jilo. 

Jidadka iyo nadaafadda,

Labadan oo aan hore uga ga faalooday warbixintii 2 sanno ka hor, wax ka dhaca mooyee, waxba uma soo kordhin. Foolxumada ugu weyn ee taagan weeyi. Haddii laga tagi waayo, dawladda hoose ee Borama ayaa la timid qalab-dhismeed rajo laga qabo in loo adeegsado horumarinta kaabayaasha dhaqaale ee jidadku ugu mudan yihiin. Isha ayaa lagu wada hayaa isbeddel loo wada harraadqabo.

Jidadka Hargeysa, dhanka kale, waa dhismayaan oo horumarayaan. Kuwii hore oo dib loo dhisay iyo kuwo cusub dhismahoodu ba waa socdaan. Nadaafaddu waa soo wacnaanaysaa. Guud ahaanna isku qanacsanaan dadka iyo golaha deegaanka ah ayaa muuqata.

Isku tashi

Iskutashiga bulsho wuxuu mar walba ahaa cunsur udubdhexaad u ah horumarka bulsho. Mashaariic waaweyn oo waxtar leh ayaa habkan lagu hirgaliyey. Intan danbe, waxa ugu mudan, xayndaabka ama dayrka lagu soo wareejiyey dhulka ay ku fadhido Jaamacadda Cammuud. Masaafo dhan 6km ayaa dayr laga dhisay. Lacag nus malyuun Doolar ah ayaa ku baxday, sida la sheegay. Lacagtaas oo muddo kooban lagu soo ururiyey, idilkeed gudaha ayaa laga qaadhaamay. Waa tibaax in isku tashiga bulsho xoog badan yahay, dihin yahay oo irmaan yahay, gaar ahaan marka ay gadhwadeen ka yihiin dad magac, maamuus iyo aaminaad huwan.

Si la mid ah, koox arday hore ah oo dugsiyada Borama laga qoray bilawgii toddobaatanaadkii ayaa is urursaday oo is abaabulay, ka dibna sanduuq dhaqaale samaystay. Daafaha dunida ayay kala joogaan. Waa isku xidhan yihiin oo saacidaan kooga dhib la soo daristo. Ta ka sii wada muhiimsan, waxay taageero maaliyadeed oo joogto ah ku saacidaan Isbitaalka Qaaxada ee Borama. Taageeradooda dhaqaale ayaa lafdhabar u ah dhuuniga la siiyo dadka bukaanjiifka ah, dawadu u socoto oo badi ka yimi meel ka baxsan gobolka Awdal. Dad hayaanka waxbarasho kulmiyey mar ku dhawaad konton sanno laga joogo, daafaha dunida ku kala baahsan, cid walba leh, inay hal ujeeddo midayso oo dib isku urursadaan, isku abaabulaan, astaan ilbxanimo iyo horusocodnimo ayaan u arkay. Tusaale nool oo ku dayasho mudan ayay iigu muuqatay.

Inta dan guud lagu dhisay isku tashi bulsho tiro ma leh. Baahi bulsho ayaa lagu daboolay. Waxa ka sii wacnaan lahayd iyada oo baahiyuhu sida ay u kala mudan yihiin loo kala hormeeyo. Hadba mid si wadajir ah loogu guuso. Dhiigbax dhaqaale waa laga badbaadi lahaa. Isdhexyaac iyo borotan -mararka qaar bakooro qaba- waa laga baxsan lahaa.

Ugu danbayn, jeer oo dhaqaalexumo guud ahaan jirto, haddana dad dadaalaya oo haya hal shaqo wax ka badan ayaan indhaha saaray. Dirawallo Dhaweeye, subixiina huteello ka shaqeeya, fiidkiina dhaweeye ku xoogsada la kulmay. Sidoo kale, dad door ah oo labada galin, mid ba goob ka shaqeeya arkay. Dadkani Hargeysa ayay u badan yihiin.  Laba-xoogsigan, dhan dadaal shakhsi ah, isa soo taraya iyo horumar lagu diirsado u arkay. Doc kalena fursaduhu sida ay meel kaliya ugu urureen ka dhex arkay. Haddii aan ka hadlaynno dhallin qaarkood hal shaqo wax ka badan heli karaan, kuwa badan oo magaalooyinka kale ahi, mid kaliyana ma hayaan. Dhaqan aan kala jeclayn tacabka iyo wahsiga oo ayaandarro soo xoogaysanaya marka laga yimaad, kala tag dhanka fursadaha shaqo, dhaqaale iyo adeeg ee magaalooyinka u fahmay. Aalaaba jaangoynta aan loo meel dayin ayaa sidan dhasha.

Fiirfiirsiga iyo faalada, waaban ku talaxtagee, halkaa ha inoo joogaan! 

Qalinka: Abdirahman Adan Mohamoud

E-mail: abdirahman.adan@gmail.com

Isbeddel Duleed

Wax kasta oo aad aragtaa, xasuus fog buu kugu celiyaa. Goobta aad marto, halka aad ka laabto, luuqluuqyada xaafadaha, gidaarada iyo waddooyinku ba, maskaxda - qaybta xasuusta fog - aad bay uga shaqaysiiyaan. Waa xaalad dhacda marka ruux ku noqdo arladii uu marxaladaha hore ee korriinka  ku soo qaatay. Halkani waa garoonkii aad dhallaanimo kubadda ku dheeli jirtay. Haddeer guryo ayaa laga dhisay. Marka horeba garoon ma ahayn ee balloodho xaqa-naas ayaad ku dhex ciyaari jirteen. In sidiisii loo daayaa wacnaydaa. In goobtani xasuustaas astaan u sii ahaataa, wanaagsanaydaa.

Xog sugan

Imisa ayaad kobtan guul kala carawday; meeqa jeer ayaad sharad ku badiseen; imisa ayaad halkan ku damaashaadeen; maxaad fursad beerdarraysay oo aad lumisay. Markaas ma jirin - walina gayigeena kama jirtee - sida imika dunida ciyaaruhu u nidaamsan tahay; u horumartay, xog sugan ayay adeegsiga tiknoolajiyaddu inagu saacidi kari lahayd. Waxa la diiwaangalin lahaa inta ciyaarood ee ruux saftay, inta uu gool dhalliyey, inta uu gool saaciday iyo qiimayn ahaan halka uu taagnaa!

Alla, halkaasi bartii aad berigii ku dhaawacantay miyaanay ahayn. Quraaradii ku kala jartay suulka ee aad cammuudda uun nabarkii gadhka u galisay, wali tilmaantii cagta waa ka sii muuqataa. Dhankan kale, waa halkii saaxiibkaa gacanta kaga jabay. Halkaasi waa bartii gool ku laadka xorta ah aad ku tababaran jirteen. Dhinacaasi, waa goobtii dhuumadhuumayda lagu ciyaari jiray. Geed Hindigii halkan ku ooli jiray, la jare mar hore. Kii gobka ahaa, laami baa la tagtay. Geedkii fiitamiinka ahaa ee aad midhihiisa subaxa hore sida tuugada ah ku guran jirteen waa qaadhay oo qalalay. Nafaqodarro, daryeel la’aan, dunidan sii kululaanaysa iyo doorsoonka cimilada wax kaga dar. Halkeer xero-digaag baa ahaan jirtay. Nijiaar-yarihii dhisay baad xitaa garanaysaa. Ninku farsamo fiicnaayaa! Sidaas ayay geedaha, dhagaxda iyo carrada meesha taal kuula hadlayaan. Tilmaan, tibaax iyo xasuus ayay gudbinayaan. Waa halkii Abwaan Gaarriye Allah ha u naxariistee:

Dhulku wuu tiraabaa

Tuska roobka dayruhu

Onkod buu ku taamaa

 

Qalqaalisanaayaa!

Dhanka kale, marka aad meelahaa iska mushaaxayso, dadka kaa soo horbaxaa, sow wax badan maskaxdaada kama fikirsiiyaan. Ninkaasi sow hebel maaha; ismaba beddelin. Waa tabtiisii. Kan kale, sow hebel isna maaha. Alla muxuu gaboobay. Kani dhutinayaa, isna ninkii odaygii miyaanu ahayn. Kan kursiga ku tukanaya fiiri. Da’ ma haysee, jilbaha ayaa laga galoo, dabada dhulka ma saari karo. Markii aad korayseen, qof kursi ku tukanaya abid ma aad arag. Xaajigii u horreeyey ee isaga oo kursi ku tukanaya aad aragto ayaad xitaa xasuusan tahay. Haddeer, masaajid bilaa kuraas ah, la soo heli maayo. Ugu yaraan, horta indhaha ma aan saarin.

Ninkani isagu waa tadhahay oo tanaaday. Aad buu u ladan yahay. Gaadiid, guryo, hanti-ma-guurto ah, dad iyo duunyaba waa buux.

Askarigani ma garanaysaa? Sow ninkii rabshada badnaan jiray maaha. Ninku dhib badnaayaa. Qalqaalisanaayaa! Miskiinkan eeg; faalig baa ku dhuftoo, haddeer socodka ayaa ku dhib ah. Bal kan kale fiiri, waa ilka beelay, wada ciraystay; dirqi baa lagu sii garanayaa. Dhibta dalka taalla qaadka ayaa ka mid ah, haddii aanu ahaynba mushkiladda ijtimaaciga ah ee sebenkan ugu qardaafadda kulul. Qaad baa dalkii iyo dadkii halakeeyey. Xooggii buu dabray, sharaftii buu laaley, qoysaskii buu isa sudhay, xiskii buu la tegay! Bahalkaasi muxuu dhib na baday!

Doorsoon Duleed

Doc kale, maxaa dad dunida ka huleellay. Odayadii sharfanaa ee masaajidada safal-awalka ahaa cidi kama joogto. Jaarkii, waayeel iyo dhallin ba, in badani hoyatay. In kale oo door ahi, dibadda u dalandooshay. Maamooyinkii halkan sariimadda aad ku mari jirtay, nusa-saacaha ku siin jiray, badi wada god-gale. In fara ku tiris ahi; hawlgab noqde. Dadkaasi inta gabaw iyo da’ u god gashay, waxay u badan tahay inay ka badan yihiin inta dhakhtarxumo, xanuun iyo daryeel la’aan sababsatay.

Sidaas oo ay tahay, waxa jira dad ama midhadh ilaa berigaa aanu xiskoogu joogin, rafaad ku nool ahaa oo wali neefsanaya. Waa caqli aadame iyo garashadiiye, waxay maskaxdu baadigoob u galaysaa xikmadda ku duugan in hore loo oofsado hebello waxtar qofeed iyo mid bulsho lahaa, xili ay ku jireen da’da loogu awoodda badan yahay iyo in masaakiin kadeed ku nool ahi, waqti dheer dabaysha sii joogaan. Qaddar iyo qoraal Rabbi in hawlahani yihiin, haddana markiiba garawsatay. Allow tooba. Asalka banaanba, xikmadda Rabbi waxa sarjara garasho teena indhawgaradka ah in badan ka korraysa.

Isbeddelka duleed ee muuqda ka kimikaad ee abadiga ahi kama dhumuc iyo dhadhan yara. Si fudud haddii aan u dhigo, doorsoonka dhulka iyo deegaanka ka muuqda, waxa aan ka yarayn, ka dadka iyo habdhaqankooda la soo dersay. Kaliya dhaadasho ayuu rabaa!

Qalinka: Abdirahman Adan Mohamoud

E-mail: abdirahman.adan@gmail.com

Magaalo Adkaysi leh

Magaalowga dunida ee sida xawliga ah u socda, inta badanna ay sababaan raadinta fursado shaqo, adeegyo dawlo, nolol raadis iyo haraatida doorsoonka cimilada ayaa sandule ka dhigaya in maamulada maxalliga ahi adkaysi iyo farsamo la falgal u lahaadaan gedgeddoonka waayaha hadba soo kordha. Waqtiga ayaa qasbaya inay gufeeyaan nuglaanshaha oo adkaysiga la xoojiyo. Guud ahaan, beryahan danbe, waxa soo noqnoqday tumaati ka dhalata masiibooyin ama dad samee ah (dagaalada, barakaca iwm) ama dabiici ah (abaaraha, fatahaada, dabka iqb). Intuba waa cadaw oo nolosha aadamaha u wada daran. Haddana la wada baajin kari maayo. Markaas waxa qasab ah in tab iyo xeelad looga hortago; lagula falgalo, khasaaraha na lagu yareeyo la helo. Marka ay sidaa tahay, waxa halkan soo galaya jaangoynta u adkaysiga ammuurahan. Waa waxa afka qalaad loo yaqaan ‘Resilience Planning’. Adkaynta kartida hay’adaha maxalliga ah ee ka jawaabida aafooyinka aan si guud u nidhaahno. 

Kalyo adkaytan jaangoyntooda afar walxood ayaa asal u ah: 

1. Odorasidda iyo fahmidda khataraha soo wajahan. U gundodegga iyo dhuuxida jaadka khatareed ee deegaan halis ugu jiro weeyi. 

2. Haddii la fahmo, sidii loola tacaali lahaa in wax la iska waydiiyaa oo meel wax la isla dhigaa waa daruuri. Halkan waxa aad u muhiim ah in la kala qalo oo la kala caddeeyo kaalmaha iyo xilalka hay’daha dawliga ah ee ka jawaabida u xilsaaran. Sidan waxa loo yeelayaa in laga gaashaanto fawdo iyo isdhexyaac dhaca aminta dhibtu taagan tahay. Aminta gurmadka iyo jawaabta loogu baahi badan yahay. 

3. Qorshayaasha ku talagal ee ka hortag leh, la falgal leh, hoos u dhig khasaare leh in maalgalin ku filan loo raadiyo oo loo helo waa lamahuraan si jawaabtu wax ku ool u noqoto. 

4. Ka soo kabashada mashaqadu waa inay noqotaa mid si hufnaan leh loo maamulay, maxsuulka soo baxaana, kii hore ka adkaysi iyo tayo wacan yahay. Waa halka ay ka yidhaahdaan “Build back better”

Si afartan qoddob u fulaan, afar kale in la helaa ama la hirgaliyaa waa lagama maarmaan. 

1. Unugyo, waaxyo iyo xafiisyo dawladeed oo u xilsaaran, una dabran, ka hortag iyo ka jawaabida xaaladdaha kor ku xusan. Xeerarkii iyo habraacyadii maamul waa inay jiraan oo la isla ogol yahay. 

2. Xirfad, awood iyo karti qorshayaasha lagu fuliyo.

3. Habdhaqan bulsheed isa saacida, isku damqada oo istaageersada. 

4. Iyo dhaqaale u dhabar adayga mawjadaha ku lammaan dhibaatooyinkan soo noqnoqday.

Agabyo caalami ah oo la fududeeyey oo hawlahan loo samaystayna waa jiraan, waana aqoon guud oo la wadaago ama la kala ergisto. Deegaamayn ayay se mar walba u baahanayaan. Waxa ka mid ah Sendai Framework, CityRAP, Sponge Cities. 

Isku darkan qoddobadan ayaa dal ka dhiga mid markaaba ka jawaabi kara dhibaatooyinka soo wajaha. Tusaale, magaalooyinka dunida qaar marka dhib soo gaadho dhismo-hoosaadka dhaqaalaha (adeegga korontada iyo jidadka halbawlaha ah), maalmo gudahood ayay ku soo celiyaan adeegyadaas. Sabab. Waa u diyaargarow, qorshayn iyo karti. 

Maqnaanshaha inta badan qoddobadan sare ayaa dal iyo dad ka dhiga mid nugul. Maqnaanshahan oo lagu daray, is dhigasho, qorshe la’aan iyo haynta oo aad u kooban ayaa dal ama dad (sida Soomaalida oo kale) ka dhiga kuwo nugul, qaxar u joog ah, tumaatidu ku soo noqnoqoto, hadba haraati kululna horusocod u diido. Hayntu ha koobnaatee, laakiin inta farsamoxumo baddo ayaa leeg, haddii aanay ka badnayn ba inta itaal la’aani yeesho.

Qalinka: Cabdiraxmaan Aadan Maxamuud 

E-mail: abdirahman.adan@gmail.com

Conflicting Priorities

It’s difficult but doable when someone attempts to achieve multiple targets in a highly dynamic and always conflicting, time-constrained environments. My situation in the last couple of weeks resembled such irony as I was engaged in the following: 

▪️Focusing on a course I was attending to and conceptualising the course content and concepts. At the same time, top of my agenda included networking, building transcontinental alliances and experience-sharing with diverse group of participants. Coming from different countries in different continents, always good listeners and when prompted, generously sharing practical examples from their settings. Understandably, interaction with such energetic participants was so intriguing and an enriching experience. In addition, not less interesting but fascinating in equal measures was the encounter and  deliberations with a small yet capable group of facilitators and technical experts on various but pertinent fields; equally from diverse countries around the world while still:

▪️Maximising opportunity, exploring and observing complicated but resilient and smart solutions that simplified life for citizens on almost all spheres of life. 

▪️Catching up with family members, friends, relatives in the Netherlands and in the neighboring countries whilst meeting as much people as possible and (re)connecting with old and new friends. 

▪️Sightseeing and visiting historical places. Whilst this is important and worth in investing time and energy, given the time limitations, I had to strike a balance between sightseeing and people-centred interactions. For me, the latter is more valuable than spending time (and possibly resources) at ancient, centuries-old attraction sites. Nevertheless, some visits to such historical and appealing attractions were already incorporated into the program and ideally that shall suffice.

▪️As all these were taking place simultaneously and often in competing and contradicting contextual timeframes, It was prerogative to remain abreast with the family, first with dearest mom and siblings, to larger family members and to a lesser extent my inner circles of friends. The latter are largely scattered throughout the world but interestingly remain connected through the power of web. With such a solid network, one would always remain updated on all matters -personal, national, global and professional developments, feel connected, challenged, entertained, and surrounded. 

▪️Last but not the least, sustaining decades-old habit of having a diary is tiring but glad I maintained it regardless of circumstances. Needless to mention that reading - equally an important ritual and a top priority of my to-do-list has become - lately, more precisely, while on the move and in trainings, on top of the work- the first victim of such super busy and demanding schedule. But, not astonishingly, it keeps kicked in, immediately right after return.

By: Abdirahman Adan Mohamoud

Email: abdirahman.adan@gmail.com

Key takeaways from an Urban Governance Course

With the ballooning urban populations in the world’s conurbations, secondary cities and settlements attributed to many varying reasons but broadly the search for better living conditions and climate-change associated shocks, the need to have resilient plans for many settlements, towns and cities is more pressing than ever. 

Against this short backdrop, we concluded with style a two-week course on Urban Governance- Resilient and Smart Cities in The Hague, Netherlands. The training was designed and delivered by the Hague Academy on Local Governance. only 13 participants -civil servants, practitioners, and urbanists, representing seven countries in Africa, Latin America and Europe gathered to sharpen their skills. A small, but able team of facilitators, backed by a group of multidisciplinary specialists delivered experts-led thematic topics. 

The course covered crucial topics pertaining to vastly changing and rapidly expanding cities in an increasingly urbanizing world. These included frameworks and strategies for urban resilience, designing resilient frameworks at the local level, urban environment resilience, gender inclusion in urban resilience, financing urban resilience, urban mobility and engaging in smart mobility solutions, social and economic resilience, and change management. 

Apart from the structured course work, first-hand information and experience shared by well-informed practitioners, contributed significantly to the learning environment. The enthusiastic participants - coming from different countries in different continents and contextual differences, generously sharing practical examples from their own settings - was so intriguing and an enriching experience. Equally impressive were the resourceful and knowledgeable facilitators and experts who run various, but all interconnected sessions.

No less impressive were visits to several institutions such as The Hague and Amsterdam municipalities, Green Village at Delft Technical University and Traffic Management Centre in Amsterdam. Briefings from officials at these entities and the subsequent question and answer sessions were not only eye-opening but, inspiring and mind-blowing. 

Summarizing the concepts and lessons learnt from two weeks of deliberations into a pager or so is not a simple task, but below is, I believe, a fair reflection of the key takeaways from the course:

◼️Being a ‘smart city’ implies employing technology as an enabler for cities functionality and efficiency. But tech-based solutions alone will not make cities smart. While these are necessary tools and needed for transformative actions, metro-sapiens’ vision with actions is centrally fundamental to any progress. In other words, cities to work properly, smart solutions need smart people. 

🟩City-level resilience plans are crucial for protection of disaster risks. Cities inspiring to become resilient should consider and strengthen the four pillars of resilient planning- institutional, physical, social, and economical infrastructure.                                                         

🔸Cities that have resilience plans in place are better equipped to respond and cope with disaster risks.

 🔹The likes of Sendai Framework could serve as an effective tool for resilience planning. Sendai framework refers to how communities can effectively cope with and adapt to the impacts of hazards in a timely manner. It focuses on four key issues: understanding risks, strengthening risk disaster governance, investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience and enhancing disaster risk preparedness.

 ◾️The ability of local economy to weather and bounce back short-term shocks and long-term stresses makes local communities socially and economically viable. 

 🟢Wide stakeholder involvement, ability to listen, adjust and respond to local solutions, participatory processes and stimulating connected systems’ thinking are all key factors to support community-based resilience. 

 🟤Understanding resilience shocks and stresses are crucial to realistic and durable community and city-level resilience plans.

 🔷Restoring ecosystem services and implementing nature-based solutions is an efficient way to minimize the risk of disasters and improve the liveability of cities. Planting more trees and restoring ecosystems can be a cost-effective approach to climate adaptation and resilience.

 🟣Inclusive planning makes progress and development holistic. All segments of society including those traditionally alienated shall feel part and parcel of the process so that sense of ownership takes deeper root and outcomes are all protected, respected, and preserved by all.

✔️Financing adequately at sub-national structures is essential in making cities sustainable. Resilient financing could be perpetuated with strong base of own source revenue, reliable and accountable transfers, and a responsible borrowing. 

☑️Cities struggle to access finance for resilience mainly due to complexities surrounding raising own-source revenue, streamlining transfers, proving creditworthiness, engaging with private sector and unlocking resources that are prerequisite for delivery of decentralized services, investment and infrastructure development.  

◾️When expenditure and revenue assignments are realistically designed, and coupled with predictable and accountable fiscal transfers, a sustainable delivery of social services is ensured, provided that good governance is applied all along. Vertical and horizontal imbalances lead to unfunded mandates. Dedicated development funds such as municipal development fund safeguards effective provision of services.

➰Change management is always not an easy exercise but when envisioned in a wholistic manner, possible resistance anticipated through mind mapping or fishbone diagram and other similar proven tools, and mitigating measures are put in place, changes are realized.                                                                                           

🟡Back home action plan (BHAP) is an effective way to ensure knowledge and skills acquired are put in good use.

By: Abdirahman Adan Mohamoud

E-mail:com: abdirahman.adan@gmail.com

Ardaydii Dunida

Dhawaan aniga oo rag asxaabta ka mid ah warbixin ka siinaya koorso aan ka soo laabtay ayaan xirfadlayaashii aan meesha ku kulannay barbardhigay Mr. Priestley iyo ardaydiisii. Nasiibdarro, hummaagayntaa la islama fahmin. Kala duwanaanshaha jiilasha iyo manaahijta wax kaga dar!

Inta soo akhrisatay (aan sidii Somalida qaar u dhigee) barayfadadii af Ingiriisiga laga baran jiray, sagaashamaadkii waa ila garane, Mr. Priestley macallin Ingiriis ah buu ahaa. Arday ajnabi ah ayuu luqada Ingiriisida barayey. Taxanaha buugta “Essential English for Foreign Students” ayay sheekadiisu ku dhan tahay. Jilayaal ay ka mid ahaayeen, Jane, Frieda, Pedro, Olof iyo Hob ayaa qaab murtiyeed, duruus luqada la xidhiidha u soo gudbin jiray. Hob xaga waxbarashada ninka ugu liita ayuu ahaa, balse haddana ninka ugu saamaynta badan ayuu ahaa!  Sow ma ogid in kaalmaha nolosha aan lagu cabirrin kaliya dhibcaha imtixaanaadka dugsiyada!

Waan malaynayaa in taxanahaasi dhigan aanu u shaacbixin sida taxane-telefisyoonkii “Mind Your Language” ee Mr Jeremy Brown iyo kooxdiisii ardayda ahayd sida maadda iyo maaweelada ah barashada afka u falkin jireen.

Xirfadlayaashii aan dhawaan tababarka ku wada jirnay ayaa ardaydaas hore ee Mr. Priestley si ahaan iila ekaaday. Akhristaha ayaan u dhaafi isku xidhka labada deegaan-waxbarasho. 

Kooxda tababarku na kulansiiyey guud ahaan waxay ahaayeen dad maskax furan. Dad aragti ka leh in badan oo mawduucyadii laga wada hadlayey ah. Dad wax walba su’aal ka keena oo dood iyo qodqod badan.

Waa kuwan jilayaasha tababarka 2023. Dabcan magacyada, haybta iyo kaalmuhu ba sida ay hoos ugu qoran yihiin, sidii rasmiga ahayd ee ay u jireen ma wada aha. Wax ka beddel kooban ayaan ku sameeyey si aan u ilaaliyo qof ahaantooda.

• Yorge waa nin dherer iyo dhumuc leh. Nin awrran oo miisaan culus. Shaqaale dawladeed oo waayoarag ah weeyi. Koox wada socota oo Koonfur Ameerika ka timi, ninka ugu khibrad badan weeyi. Waa isku kalsoon yahay marka uu hadlo. Wuu waayoaragnimo hadlaa. Ha yeeshee, inta uu telefoonka ku mashquulsan yahay ayaan ka yarayn, haddii aanay ka badnaynba, inta uu si wacan ula socdo doodda iyo duruusta socota.
• Ole waa nin gaaban oo xoog ah. Injineer farsamoyaqaan ah dhe. Aqoonta cusub ee teknoolajiyada la xidhiidhana, kama fara madhna ee tiisii hore ayuu ku sii dul dhisay. Dalkiisa dhaca Koonfur Ameerika dhinacna ma u dhaafin. Sidaa darteed wax walba waa ku cusbaayeen, gaar ahaan, dadka qaaradda madow ka socday. Luqadda guud oo ku adkayd ayaa iyadna xadidday ka qaybgalkiisa hawlo badan oo socday.    
• Fedro waa nin yar oo nis yar. Nin firfircoon oo dad dhexgal leh. Aqoon ahaan waa dhisan yahay, walina koroyaa, kobcayaa. Maamulka maaliyadda dawladda ayuu bartay kuna shaqeeyaa. Liiska shaqaalaha dawladda isna ku dar. Qolada waliba Ameerikada Koonfureed ka soo safartay. Ma qaloodo ee cid walba waa dhex galaa. Waa soo jeedaa oo si firfircoon shaqo walba uga qayb qaataa.
• Fiana waa gabadh firfircoon oo farxad badan. Waa garyaqaanad hay’ad dawladeed u shaqaysa dalkeega dhaca Koonfurta Ameerika. Qofka kooxda oo dhan, marka la isku didiyo, ugu furfuran, farxadda badan weeyi. Waji furan iyo dhoolacaddayn ayay qof walba ku qaabishaa. Waa dadaal badan tahay oo karti badan tahay. Laba hablood oo raggii qabay la yimi ayay ka mid tahay. Labaduba waa reer Laatiin Ameerika. Kala saari kari waayey inay tallaabadaasi tilmaamayso kalgacal gaar ah, kalsoonidarro, dalxiis-wadaag ama wax reer Laatiin Ameerika dadka kale dheer yihiin. 
• Baty waa gabadh af gaaban, Ameerikada Koonfureed iyadna ka timi. Qof is ururiya oo is kooba weeyi.Ruux ixtiraam badan ayay iigu muuqatay. Luqadda la isku fahmayo oo ku adag inay dabartay ayaan u badinayaa.
• Fericia waa ruux isku buuxda oo dhumuc weyn. Waa injineerad ka soo jeedda Galbeedka Afrika, shaqaale dawladeedna ah. Aqoon iyo hadal caddaanba waa ku hubaysan tahay. Koox walba waa ku jirtaa oo way firfircoon tahay. Waa su’aallo badan tahay oo xog raadisaa, doodna ku darsataa. Fikradaheedu aragti qawmi ah ayay inta badan ku qotomaan. Ha yeeshee, sawir iyo fiidyoo ay duubayso ayaa waqti badan ka qaata. Meel walba sawir bay ku galaysaa. Goob walba taswiir ayay la taagan tahay. Waxaan is idhi, sahay qaadatay oo baraheeda bulshada, dhawrka billood ee soo socda, bucsharad lagu cammiro u raratay!
• Sunia waa gabadh aad u lafo yar yar, macallimad jaamacadeed, aad u hadal badan. Isla Galbeedka Afrika ayay ka soo jeedaa. Dood macallin jaamacadeed la maqaam ah oo indheergaradnimo laga dhadhansan karo ayay mar walba qabtaa. Adduunarageeda iyo aqoonhadalkeeduba waa isku sar jaran yihiin. Qoys ahaan, toddoba hablood inay wada dhasheen ayay ii sheegtay. In aabahood tacab badan galiyey oo aad wax u baray ayay iigu dartay. In dadaalkaas odayga lagu qoonsaday oo gaal iska yeel loo arkayay ayay ii sii raacisay. Haddeer oo xaajigii dhalay god galay, siddeedii habloodba waa meelmar. Urur samafal oo ay abuureen ayay aabahood ugu magacdareen. Ardayda saboolka ah, tacliintana ku wacan ayay kharashka waxbarashada ka kafaallo qaadaan. Sadaqad ay waalidkood ula baxayaan ayay u niyaystaan.    

          Sunia marka ay hadalka qaadato, way dudubisaa oo dareerisaa balse, warkeedu hadaltiro uun                 maaha. Waa nuxur. Waddaniyadda ayaa qanjaha joogta. Horumarka qarbiga mar kasta oo ay                 aragto, qaaraddii qadiimka ahayd ayay ku dhererisaa. Halka sartu ka qudhunsan tahay inay taabato         ayay jeceshajay. Way taabataa, se jiiro dheer ayay ka soo wareegtaa. Jilaha reer Uganda ee                     Kansiime Ann, haddii aad daawatay, macallimad Sunia, wax badani kugu ma seegana. Kaliya                 macallimadu, way xaqiiq iyo aqoon hadashaa.

• Fasalio waa nin xoog ah, gaabni xiga oo isku buuxa. Waa shaqaale dawladeed oo isna ka yimi Galbeedka Afrika. Waa nin firfircoon oo waxbartay. Ka qaybgalkiisu waa xoog badan yahay, wax micno lehna waa sheegaa. Lahjadiisa ayaa se adag in la fahmo. Marka uu hadalka qaatana, ilaa laga hakiyo, isagu waa wadayaa. Joogsi ma leh. Sida Fericia ayuu isna sawir meel walba la taagan yahay. Goob walba waa isku sawiraa. Cid walba waa sawiraa. Walax walba fiidyoo ayuu ka duubaa. 
• Aminatu waa gabadh qorqoran oo caatoxigeen ah. Waa ruux aamusan oo aad u afgaaban. GalbeedkaAfrika ayay iyadna ka socotaa. Marka ay hadasho, inay garanayso waxa ay ka hadlayso ayaad arki. Waa da’ yar tahay oo koraysaa. Qadarin badan iyo urursanaanba waa leedahay. 
• Eba waa garyaqaanad dood adag oo hadallo cadcad. Waa shaqaale dawladeed oo ka soo jeedda Bariga Afrika. Way firfircoon tahay oo mar walba wax anfac leh ka hadashaa. Hadalkeedu waa nuxur iyo murti. Dawladnimada, gaar ahaan xeerarka iyo nidaamka cadaaladda waa dhammays. Sidaas oo ay tahay, culays shaqo inuu haysto ayay u eg tahay. Laba telefoon ayay mid walba gaar uga jawaabaysaa. Shirar bay ku jirtaa mararka qaar, xitaa inta waxbarashada lagu jiro.
• Reena waa gabadh jimidh yar, aamusan oo goonisocod ah. Waqooyiga Afrika ayay ka soo jeedaa. Qaramada Midoobay ayay ka tirsan tahay. Ka qaybgalkeedu waa xadiddan yahay. Mararka dhifta ah ee ay hadasho ama laga hadliyo, xog-ogaalnimo waa ka muuqataa. Qolada ay isku qaaradda yihiin, inay si u jidh-diidayso ayaad moodaa. Waxay inta badan la miis tahay oo ay wax ku darsataa, haddiiba ay wax ku darsi la timaad inta Oroba ka socota. Isla wayni inay ku jirto ayaan ka gayn waayey.
• Bash waa sidoo kale ruux jimidh yar. Fayroor bay iyadna u badan tahay. Asalkeedu Aasiya weeyi, balse Waqooyiga Oroba ayay ka socotaa. Inay mar walba wax ku darsato waxa socda ayay jeceshahay. Way ku darsataa, fahankana waa sii fogaysaa. Qof isla wayn ayay bilawgii iigu muuqatay. Markii ay doodayda dhegaysatay, shaqadaydana ogaatay, waa igu su’aal iyo socod badatay. Fursad shaqo raadis camal!
• Ninkan xogta soo gudbinayaa inuu isagu iska waramo way la qurux badnaan wayday. Hase ahaatee waxa intaa dheer, si kasta oo aad aqoon iyo waayoaragnimo isku bidayso, haybtaada awgeed go’aan baa lagaa sii gaadhay ee ogow. Go’aan wadareed dalkaaga laga aaminsan yahay weeyi. Shaabad dalkaaga ku dhacday dhe. Sawirka dalkaaga laga haysto ayaa kuu baadisooc ah. Humaag -intiisa badan- warbaahintu abuurtay ayaa kuu sumad ah. Dib u dhac wax aan ahayn lagaa fili maayo. Gaajo, tabaryari iyo baahi wax aan ahayn lagu gu qeexi maayo. Dib-u-dhac iyo rajcinnimo ayaad astaan u tahay. Marka intaas wax ka duwan aad soo bandhigto, ee qof ahaantaada aad isku qeexdo, si qaadasho waa ah uun baa laguu odhan, wallee, sidaa ma samayn kartaan? Ma filayn. Ma moodayn! Yeelkeede, taasi inaanay ku joojin oo aad adigu is macnayso waa lagama maarmaan.

Bal dhan kale aan in yar dhawrno:

• Fred waa tababare tab badan. Waa nin fudud oo aan culays jidheed lahayn. Khibrad shaqo oo 30 sanno kor u dhaaftay ayuu ka duulaa. Waa xirfadle Afrikada Bari ka soo jeeda, balse haddeer jinsiyadda doorsaday oo Dhajoobay. Aqoonyahan wayn weeyi, haddalkiisuna taasi ayuu ka marag kacaa. 

        Marmar ayuuse talax tegaa oo dadka sida caruurta ula hadlaa. Si kale, korjoogtayntiisa ayaa aad u         badan. Kooxdu se xirfadlayaal baraarugsan ayay ahaayeenoo, inaanay taasi ka mudnayn ayay si             cad ugu sheegeen. Runta ayay farta ka saareen, isaguna dib u guray!

• Maureen waa shaqaale-dawle hore oo tababare isku rogtay. Afrikada Koonfureed ayay ka soo jeedaa, haddase Dutch noqotay. Tababare tabo badan weeyi. Tusaalayaal iyo waayoaragnimo wada anfac leh ayay inta badan kooxda la wadaagtaa. Xulashada waqtiga ayay xariifad ku tahay. Aminta wax-ku-darsigeedu saamaynta ugu weyn yeelan karo ayay aad u taqaanaa. Macallimad karti badan oo hadalka heli og ku dhaaf. Dhanka kale, bulshayad ku fogaatay dhanka haasaawinta weeyi. Baadhiyo abaabul hawl badan bay ahayd.
• Bouna waa layli-ku-jir tababaranaysa. Faransiis weeyi isirkeedu. Gabadh yar oo aad u jimidh yar, balse wada seedo ah weeyi. Hawlaha maamul oo dhan iyada ayaa haysa. Iskudubbarid oo dhan iyada ayaa u xilsaaran. Labada tababarena caawiye ayay u tahay. Madadaaliye weeyi goortii loo baahdo.

Kooxdan tababarayaasha ah, waxa barbarsocday khubaro hadba aqoonta ay darseen loo daba fadhiisanayey. Khubaro iskujir ah dhe- kuwo farsamooyin badan, kuwo gaabis ah iyo kuwo kalsoonidu ka badatay ba. Waxa ka mid ahaa, buuniyo ka soo kala jeeday qaaradaha dunida oo dhan. Dad waliba hal jinsiyad aan ku koobnayne, jinsiyado badan. Dad qaaradaha iskaga tallaabay. Waxa ka mid ahaa, Isbaanish Jarmaloobay, Fenesuweeliyaan Kolombiyoobay, misana Isbaanishoobay, Beeruufiyan Kanadiyoobay, Baanamiyaan Kolombiyoobay, haddana Ingiriisoobay, Kameruuniyaan Dhajoobay iyo Iskotish Dhajoobay!

Dawladda Hoose ee Amsterdam mar aan booqannay ayay xogta ku dareen, in magaaladda dadka ku nooli ka soo kala jeedaan 186 dal. Kooxdan tababarayaasha ah ee aan la kulannay ayaa tani marag u ah. Wiigag dunidii oo la isku keenay aan ammuuro door ah - magaalowga, adeegbixinta iyo adkaysiga/nuglaanshaha hay’adaha dawladda ka doodnay dhe!

 Qalinka: Cabdiraxmaan Aadan Maxamuud

E-mail: abdirahman.adan@gmail.com

 

Coofle, cirbixiyeen caan ahaa

Allah ha u naxariistee waxa maalintii Jimcaha 06/01/2023 magaalada Kampala ee dalka Uganda ku geeriyooday duuliye sare Jaamac Cabdillaahi Coofle. Duuliye Coofle waxa uu ka mid ahaa duuliyeyaashii diyaaradihii rayidka ee Soomaaliya. Dufcaddii u horreysay ee loo soo tababaro shirkaddii diyaaradaha ee Somali Airlines ayuu ka tirsanaaa. Sida aan mar hore isaga laftiisa ka guntay, markii uu ka baxay dugsigii sare ee Sheekh, isaga oo Boorama fasax ku jooga ayaa loo soo sheegay inuu Xamar si degdeg ah u soo galo. Iskusocodku ma wacnayn oo Xamar si fudud laguma gaadhi karayn. Habeenoin la sii dhaxaa qasab bay ahayd. Tacab iyo hawl badan ka dib, sidii ayuu ku tagay Muqdisho oo imtixaankii ku galay.Nasiib wanaag, tiradii guulaysatay ayuu ku soo baxay, waxaana loo qaaday dalkii Jarmalka Galbeed, halkaas oo uu tababar duuliyenimo ku soo qaatay kulliyadda Lufthansa Flight Academy. 

Bidix Captain Jaamac Cabdillaahi Coofle, midigqoraagga, Nayroobi 2016

Sannadkii 1964-kii ayuu dalka ku soo noqday, waxana uu noqday duuliyeyaashii ugu horreeyey ee lagu aaasaaso shirkaddii diyaaradaha ee Somali Airlines. Sida uu Jaamac ii sheegay xukuumaddii markaa jirtay ayaa dalka Maraykan ka codsatay in laga saacido yagleelida shirkadda diyaaradaha ee Soomaaliya. Codsigaas oo Maraykan aqbalay, isla markaana siiyey Soomaaliya diyaaraddii u horeysay ee shirkaddu ku hawlgasho, halka dawladdii Jarmalka Galbeed na, tababarka iyo farsamada xirfadlayaasha loo baahan yahay dusha u ridatay. 

Duuliye Coofle, sida ay ugu yeedhi jireen saaxiibadiisa shaqadu, waxa kale oo uu iiga warramay sida uu duulimaadkii u danbeeyey uga ga baxay Muqdisho, sannadkii 1991-kii. Diyaarad Airbus A310-304 ayuu markan duulinayey. Ta kaliya ee nooceeda ah ee Somali Airlines oo lagu naanaysi jiray Xiddigta Cad lahayd bay ahayd. Dad badan oo maato u badan isaga oo sida ayuu diyaaraddaas ka duuliyey Jaamac garoonka diyaaradaha ee Muqdisho. Wuxuu u jihaystay dalka Imaaraatka Carabta. Kabtan Coofle wuxuu ii sheegay in soo noqodkii Imaaraatku damceen inuu qaado dad rakaab ah oodumar dahablayaal ah u badnaa. Waar dadkani meel ay ku noqdaan ma jirto, haddii u ku garnaqsadayna, jawaabtii waxay noqotay, adeer hawada ku daadi haddii aad doonto.

 

Sidaas ayuu Kabtan Coofle diyaaradda ugu jihaynayaa magaaladda Frankfurt ee dalka Jarmalka, halkaasi oo xarun u ah shirkadda Luftansa oo isla diyaaradda ay Somali Airlines wada lahaayeen. Sidaas ayaa dadkii qaxootiga ahaana Jarmalku magangalyo ku siinayaa, diyaaraddiina shirkadda Luftansa dib ugula wareegaysaa. Duuliye sare Coofle waxa lagu amaanay oo taariikhda u gashay sida geesinimada iyo xirfadda leh ee uu duulimaadkan u maamulay. 

 

Ambassador Cabdisalam Hadliye Cumar, ergeyga gaarka ah ee Somaaliya u qaabilsan Bulshada Bariga Afrika oo BBC laanta af-Soomaaliga ah uga warramay taariikhda captain Coofle ayaa soo xigtay, mar uu Air Bus-tii Soomaaliya ka soo raacay Frankfurt, Germany isaga oo Muqdisho ku soo socdasannadkii 1989-kii. Ambassador Sharmarke Geelle oo warbixintan aan ka wada sheekaysannay ayaa ka falceliyey qiimaha ay leedahay marka aad dalkaagii ku soo socoto, ku duulayso diyaarad dalkaaga laga leeyahay, duuliyuhuna yahay ehel iyo xigaal. Waa qanaaco nafsi ah, qab iyo waayoaragnimo muddo dheer dad badani aanay arag. 

 

Waa kuma Jaamac Coofle

Jaamac Cabdillaahi Coofle wuxuu ku dhashay magaalada Borama sannadkii 1940-kii. Waxbarashadiisa aasaasiga ah ilaa dugsi sare waxa uu ku qaatay dugsiyada Cammuud iyo Sheekh. Waxa ay isku lod ahaayeen dad aan ka xusi karno Prof. Sulaymaan Axmed Guuleed, Guddoomiyihii hore ee Jaamacadda Cammuud, Maxamed Nuur Faahiye, Guddoomiyaha Shirkada Biyaha ee SHABA iyo marxuum Dr. Saxardiid Faahiye Geelle. Captain Coofle intii danbe wuxuu si rasmi ah u deganaa dalka Canada, halkaas oo ay ku nool yihiin xubnaha qoyskiisu. 

 

La taliye sare

Muddo uu Canada ku noolaa ka dib, waxaa uu duuliye Coofle la taliye sare u noqday Hay’adda Duulimaadyada Dunida ee Qaramada Midoobay ka tirsan (ICAO). Waxa uu u qaabilsanaa bedqabka duulimaadyada diyaaradaha Soomaaliya. 17 sanno oo uu shaqadaas hayay, ka hor intaanu hawlgab ka galin, dadkii ay soo wada shaqeeyeeni oo aan qaarkood la hadlay, xirfad, aqoon iyo xilgudasho ayay ku amaaneen. 

 

Aniga iyo Coofle

 

Aniga ka qof ahaan, duuliye sare Jaamac waxa aragiisa iigu horreysay sannadkii 1996-kii. Subax hore ayaan Borama ka soo baxnay oo Hargeysa ayaan u soconay. Gaadhi Landcruiser 3B ah ayaan wadanaa. Adeerkay Cabdiraxmaan Maxamuud Muuse (Cabdi Quraab) Allah ha u naxariistee ayaa wada. Waxa dhinacayda iga xiga marxuum Axmed Maxamuud Jaamac (Cadduur) Allah ha u naxariistee iyo Cabdiraxmaan Cige Faarax. Kursiga hore waxa loo sii banneeyey Captain Jaamac. Guri uu magaaladda ka deganaa ayaan ku sii marnay. Waxaan la yaabay maalintaas sida marxuumka loo wada ixtiraamayay. Sida isaguna uu dadka u ixtiraamayey, u dhegaysanayey ayaa markiiba i soo jiidatay. Sheekada wacan ee odayada aniga oo aad u la dhacsan ayaan markiiba Hargeysa tagnay. 

 

Maxaad ii soo raadin wayday?

 

Waxa ii xigtay, bishii 10aad ee sannadkii 2008, anniga oo safar shaqo oo gaaban ku imid magaalada Nayroobi ayaan goob shaqo si kadis ah iskugu aragnay marxuum Coofle. Waan salaamay oo isku sheegay. Markii uu i aqoonsaday, wuxuu igu canaantay in aniga oo magaaladda joogay aan hadda goob shaqo ku kulmayno. Sababta aan hore ugu soo wargelin waayey ama u soo raadin waayey ayuu saluugay. Markan waxa kale oo uu ka tirsanaa baarlamaankii 8aad ee Soomaaliya. Dun wanaagiisa iyo dad jacaylkiisii ayay tani tusaale cad u tahay. Aqbalay gaabiskaygii, maalintaa wixii ka danbeeyeyna cagta ku badiyey.Waa beryahaa marka aan si fiican isku baranayno ee aan isku xidhmayno. Sheeko wadaag, markii danbena saaxiibo dhaw ah noqonay. Beryahaas mar kasta oo aan Nayroobi shaqo u tago, dhaqan bay noo ahayd maalmaha toddobaad-dhammaadka inaan kulanno.  Waa marka aan baranayo dhaqanwanaagisii, dad jacaylkiisii iyo dadnimadiisii. Waan ka faa’iideysan jiray la fadhigiisa, wax badan baa na iiga kordhay.

 

Ruux dunwanaagsan 

 

Waxaan ku bartay oo aan kala kulmay dunwanaag, naxariis iyo deeqsinimo. Waxaan ku bartay xog-ogaalnimo, dhaqan aqoon iyo aqoon baaxad leh oo dal iyo dibad ba ah. Xusuus la yaable buu lahaa oo waxa uu ilaawaa ay yar tahay. Dhacdooyinkii soo maray ee uu goobjoogga u ahaa, tani iyo markii dugsiga la qoray, oo dabcan aad u tiro badan, ayuu si xiise leh u soo warin ogaa. Shicirkii Carabiga ahaa ee dugsiga hoose uu ku soo dhigtay ayuu sidiisii u marinayey. 

 

Qof taariikhyahan ah oo madxaf ah ayuu ahaa. Aragtiyo, fikrado iyo falsafado badan ayuu maanta oo dhan kuu marin karayey. Sidii uu dadka u jeclaa ee uu u xidhiidhin jiray, wax la la simaa ma jiraan ama way yar yihiin. Bilawgaba marka uu ku arko, wuu kugu soo boodayay, hab ku siinayey; boga beerka kuu saarayey, ku dhunkanayey oo ku marxabaysiinayay. Martiqaad baa markaaba xigay. Kharashka aan kula bixiyo haddii aad tidhaa, marka adiga marti aan kuugu imaado, ha inoo ahaato ayuu ku jawaabi jiray. Qof gacal iyo xigaalba loo siman yahay ayuu ahaa. Qof saaxiibtinimo leh oo dadka taasi ku xidhiidhiya ayuu ahaa. Qof qalbi wanaagsan, dun fiican oo la sheekaysigiisa aan duruus ka baran jiray ayuu ahaa. 

 

Laxey xanjada wax iga sii

 

2009 ayaan gabadh yar oo aan dhalay dhakhtar Nayroobi ah geeyey. Markan si wacan baan isku baranay duuliye Jaamac oo waan la hadlay. Galab walba marka uu shaqada ka soo baxo, isbitaalka ayuu nagu soo mari jiray. Yartayda oo aad u yarayd, markay naxariistiisa iyo deeqsinimaddiisa aragtay, waxay odhan jirtay awoowihii lacagta ayaa yimi. Waxay aragtay isaga oo galab walba sharaab, cunto iyo hadyado u sida. 

 

Maalin baa gabadhayda yar oo 2.5 sanno jirta markaasi, caruur kale oo laakiin ka waaweyn damacday inay la sheekaysato. Yartu af Soomaali wax aan ahayn garan mayso markaas. Yaryarka kalena Ingiriisi iyo Sawaaxili bay ku hadlayaan. Markii ay yartaydii iska daldalantay, carruurtii kalena ilayn fahmi maayaane ay madaxa uun ruxaan, ayay yartaydu odhanaysaa, carruurtan baas ee imtixaanka ahi maxay ahaayeen! Iyada oo sidii loo qosqoslayo ayuu Captain Jama soo galayaa. Sheekadii markii aan uga sheekaynay, wuxuu nala wadaagay mid ku dhaw dhaw ama aan ka fogayn. 

 

Waa ruux tolka ah oo isaga oo yar Saylac laga keenay. Borama inta la keeno ayaa waliba baadiye loo dhaafinayaa. Dababuur ayaa la gaynayaa. Wuxuu arkayaa lax calyoceshanaysa. Intuu ku dhawaado ayuu odhanayaa, “Macaacey xanjada wax iga sii? Inay xanjo cunayso ayuu u haystaa! Markii ay u bixi wayday ilayn waa lax oo u jawaabi maysee, ayuu odhanayaa, haddii aad i diiday, bal dhareerkauun iska du’! Yartu halkii ragii hore ayay marisay buu ku kaftamayaa!

 

Maxaa lagu yiqiin

Dahir Cilmi Warsame oo ay saaxiib dhaw ahaayeen ayaan isna Nayroobi isku baranay. Daahir 40 sanno ka badan ayuu ka hawlgalayey Baanka Dunida. Hawlgab ayuu mar dhaxdii ahayd ka galay shaqada, laakiin wali la taliye madaxbanaan ayuu kula sii shaqeeyaa. Duuliye Coofle ayay isku dabci yihiin, gaar ahaan dhinaca furfurnaanta, kaftanka, dad jacaylka iyo xidhiidhinta ummada. Daahir Cilmi oo iiga warramaya goorta uu Jaamac bartay ayaa sidan ku bilaabaya:

 

“Waxbarashada Jaamac wuu naga horreeyey oo iskuma aanu soo gaadhin, laakiin markii aan ku jirnay Dugsiga Sare ee Sheekh ayuu macallin Ingiriis ah oo wax noo dhigi jiray, Richard Darlington oo Soomaalidu Gacmodheere ku naanyasi jirtay na dhiirigalin jiray. Marka ay diyaaradi Sheekh soo dul marto ayuu na odhan jiray, ardaydii aan halkan wax ku baray ayaa diyaaradaas duulinaya. Coofle iyo Rodol ayuu markaa noo magacaabi jiray. Waa 1968-kii. Horta Jaamac nin aan sidaa u higsano ayuu ahaa. 

 

Wuu sii wadayaa oo dunidu waa galabba cayne, wixii danbe ee ay kala muteen ayuu ku darayaa. 

 

“Markii aan dugsiga sare ka soo baxnay 1971-kii ayaan Xamar tagnay. Rag aan isku arday ahayn oo aan isku fasal ahayn iyagu markiiba guriga Jaamac bay ku dageen. Ma hawl yarayn inaad markaa Xamar xigto la martiyi karto aad ku hesho. Ka dib fursad waxbarasho ayaan u baxay oo Rome baan tagay. Holiday Inn Hotel oo shaqaalaha diyaaradda Somali Airlines ku soo degi jireen ayaan marmar tegi jirnay. Jaamac oo labisan oo madax ah baan sheeda ka arki jirnay. Uma aanu dhawaan karayn oo captain buu ahaa, annaguna arday waxbarasho ku jirta, laakiin shaqaalaha kale ayaan qaar is naqaanay. Horta nin aan sidaa waligayo u higsano ayuu ahaa. Ilaahay aakhirkii wuxuu qadaray inaan Nayroobi ku wada danbayno annaga oo qax ah, isla markaana halkan ka shaqayna. Nayroobi weeyi meesha aan si fiican iskugu sii baranaynaa ee aan asxaabta dhaw ku noqonaynaa. 

 

Daahir Cilmi isaga oo qofnimadii Jaamac wax inooga iftiiminaya, wuxuu leeyahay; 

“Nin aad u wanaagsan, qalbi fiican oo dadku ay agtiisa ku soo ururaan buu ahaa. Nin yar iyo wayn si isku mid ah oowanaagsan u qaabilla oo aan agtiisa lagu qaloon ayuu ahaa. Caruurtaydu ruux bani aadam ah oo ay ka jeclaayeen ma jirin. Ilaa maanta oo ay waawaynaadeen, way muraarrodilaacsan yihiin, markay maqleen geeridiisa. Waa naxariis iyo wanaag ay ka arkeen.”

 

Dadka dunwanaagga Jaamac iska daba maray ma soo koobi karno. waa tiro beel. Ka gungaadhi maynee bal aynu mar kale doc kale ka eegno. 

 

Idris Muxumed Sacad, mulkiilaha Rays Hotel oo ah ganacsade naajax ah oo la wada yaqaan, ayaa mar isaga oo ka falcelinaya geerida marxuum Jaamac sidan faallo ku dhiibtay:

 

“Allah ha u naxariisto Jaamac. Wuxuu ii ahaa adeer iyo walaal qaali igu ah. Waxaan la kulmay markii iigu horreysay aniga oo 13 jir ah. Waxaan tegay Muqdisho oo aan ku degay gurigiisa. Ma ilaawi karo sidii uu iila dhaqmay. Wuxuu iila sheekaysan jiray sidii aan saaxiib nahay ama aan ahay walaalkiis ka yar. Muqdisho wuxuu i geyn jiray meelaha ugu fiican. Wuxuu ahaa marxuumku qof aad u naxariis badan. Qof dadka aad u caawiya. Qof bashaash ah. 

 

Mar dhexdii ahayd ayaan aniga iyo qoyskaygu dalxiis ku tagnay magaalada Nayroobi oo marxuumku markaa deganaa.In kasta oo la waynaaday waqtiguna isbeddelay, waxa cajiib ahayd inaan mar kale soo dhawayn diiran aan kala kulannay aniga iyo qoysku. Jaamacii aan aniga oo yar aqaanay ee dadka jeclaa ee soo dhawaynta badnaa ayaan dib ula kulmay. Waqtiga iyo waayuhu midna waxba kama beddelin dadnimadiisii wacnayd. Kuma soo koobi karo halkan sifooyinkiisa. Allah ha u naxariisto”

 

Cabdiraxmaan Muxumed Maygaag, madaxa WFP ee dalka Uganda oo marxuumka ay aad isku yaqaaneen ayaa isna sidan ku sifeeyey:

 

“Maanta oo ay bishu tahay 10/01/2023 ayaan marxuum Jaamac ku soo aasnay deegaanka Wakiso, duleedka Kampala, halkaas oo aan nasiib u yeeshay inaan ka qaybgalo aaska marxuum Captain Coofle. Marxuumku yaraantayadii wuxuu ahaa shakhsi aad loo higsado, shakhsi qiimo leh, shakhsi bulshada dhexdeeda laga yaqaan. Wuxuu ahaa halbeegga qof kasta oo dhallinyar ahi u uku hamiyi jiray inuu heerkiisa gaadho. Isma aanu soo gaadhin da’ ahaan, laakiin waxaan nasiib u yeeshay sannadkii 2012, mar aan La taliye sare ka ahaa xafiis-goboleedka WFP ee Nairobi ku yaal inaan guri wada degno, maalin walba wada sheekaysano, toddobaad-dhammaadka aan is raacno. 

 

Jaamac wuxuu ahaa qof aad u naxariis badan, qof xusuustiisu la yaab lahayd oo wixii soo maray sida uu uga sheekaynayo aanad marnaba ka xiiso dhacayn. Jaamac wuxuu ahaa qof wadani ah, ku faraxsan heerka uu gaadhay, waxbarashada uu helay, sheekooyinkii dhexmari jiray madaxdii qaranka ee uu mar walba qaadi jiray. Wuxuu ahaa ruux dadku ay u siman yihiin yar iyo wayn, qof dadka aad u taageera, qabyaalad aan aqoon oo dad badan ku xidhnaa. Nin dad jecel, dal jecel oo bini aadanimadu ku wayn tahay ayuu ahaa. Ilaahay ha u naxariisto” 

 

Inta dad uu Jaamac saaciday mar noloshooda ka mid ah waa tirobool oo ka gayoon mayno. Rabbi wanaagaas uu dadka gashaday samaan ha ugu beddelo, danbigiisa ha dhaafo oo jannooyinkiisa ha ku arsaaqo. Aamiin. 

 

 

WQ: Abdirahman Adan Mohamoud

E-mail: abdirahman.adan@gmail.com